Original Communication Plasma and lung macrophage responsiveness to carotenoid supplementation and ozone exposure in humans S Steck-Scott1, L Arab1,2, N E Craft3 and J M Samet4 1Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA 3Craft Technologies, Inc., Wilson, NC, USA 4NHEERL, US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Correspondence to: Dr S Steck-Scott, Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. E-mail: susan_scott@unc.edu Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of ozone exposure and vegetable juice supplementation on plasma and lung macrophage concentrations of carotenoids. Design: A randomized trial. Setting: Subjects were exposed to ambient air prior to antioxidant supplementation and to ozone after antioxidant supplementation or placebo. Exposures occurred while exercising intermittently in a controlled metabolic chamber at the Human Studies Division, US EPA. Subjects: In all, 23 healthy subjects between ages of 18 and 35 y. Interventions: Subjects consumed a low fruit and vegetable diet for 3 weeks. After the first week, subjects underwent a sham exposure to filtered air with exercise, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Subjects were randomly assigned into supplement (one can vegetable juice, vitamins C and E daily) or placebo (orange soda, placebo pill daily) groups for 2 weeks. After the 2-week intervention, subjects were exposed to 0.4 ppm (784 g/m3) ozone for 2 h with exercise followed by BAL. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after and 3 h postexposure on each exposure day. The concentrations of nine carotenoids were determined by HPLC in BAL macrophages and plasma samples. Results: Plasma concentrations of all the carotenoids that were present in the vegetable juice (except cis-beta-carotene) increased significantly in the supplemented group. Lung macrophage -carotene concentrations increased significantly, lycopene isomers increased slightly, and all other carotenoids decreased (nonsignificantly) in the supplementation group following the intervention. Ozone exposure resulted in decreases in several carotenoids in plasma of the placebo group, but not in the supplemented group. Conclusions: Lung macrophage concentrations of carotenoids can be manipulated by diet. Ozone is a potent environmental oxidant that appears to reduce plasma carotenoids in nonsupplemented individuals. Sponsorship: US Environmental Protection Agency, Campbell's Soup Company. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1571-1579. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601988 Published online 5 May 2004 Remember we are NOT Doctors and have NO medical training. This site is like an Encylopedia - there are many pages, many links on many topics. Support our work with any size DONATION - see left side of any page - for how to donate. You can help raise awareness of CAM.